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Why can the same approach not be used to route all UDP traffic over Tor? Tor clients do not, in general, directly do DNS requests. When you open a connection through the tor network you usually ask your client on its socks ports to connect you to a hostname and port, say www. Tor, in addition to that, has some sort of "remote DNS resolve" protocol built in.

This support allows clients to query for certain resource types, like IPv4 or IPv6 addresses. Here too, the exit node does the actual DNS packet sending and receiving and just relays the answer to the client. Proxies act on behalf of another, and therefore, theoretically you would only need to "resolve" the address of the first node of the circuit.

What happens is that the exit node "handles" everything, including DNS, for the nodes behind it, because of the nature of being a proxy server. It then transmits the DNS information backwards through a Tor circuit. This is because it takes, even in a simple hypothetical case, at least several attempts and a good few minutes to decrypt anything without having direct knowledge of BOTH keys required for decyrption, and this depends largely on the encryption method.

The exception to this is the. Because of the rendezvous server, which is a random Tor server, in a way "fakes" being the real host of the. But for DNS it makes an exception. This way TOR is able to provide hidden services as. This is the reason why you leak DNS and it is not possible to use.

Sign up to join this community. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top. Stack Overflow for Teams — Collaborate and share knowledge with a private group. Create a free Team What is Teams? Learn more. How does Tor route DNS requests? Ask Question. Asked 8 years, 3 months ago.

Active 4 years, 5 months ago. Viewed 65k times. Improve this question. Megan Walker Megan Walker 2, 1 1 gold badge 17 17 silver badges 28 28 bronze badges. Granted, without a proxy - this can affirm a client, without repudiation - as all encrypted connections can. So, there is still a legal engineering hack vulnerability. Add a comment. Active Oldest Votes. No UDP packets are actually ever routed from the client. Tor Protocol Specification references 6. Opening streams and transferring data 6.

Improve this answer. To actually use Tor to anonymize your communications, you run the Tor Browser on your computer. The Tor Browser is a modified version of Mozilla Firefox that connects to the internet via the Tor network. In addition to the functionality necessary to use Tor, the Tor Browser also bundles a number of extensions that help users maintain their privacy.

For example, the NoScript extension is bundled with Tor out of the box, meaning that users have to manually approve individual JavaScript files before they can run—helping to protect against fingerprinting and browser security exploits. Simple mistakes can make hours of meticulous privacy protection useless, so it pays to be especially careful when browsing with Tor. Here are some things you should look out for:. As a result, it is possible for a government or internet service provider to eavesdrop on traffic between the exit node and destination servers.

Since the full list of Tor exit nodes is publicly available, any unencrypted traffic leaving exit nodes is likely to be monitored closely. Another security concern is when the entry relay and exit relay both exist on the same Internet autonomous system AS — like if the same network operator owns both IP addresses.

If this is the case, it is possible for that network operator to use timing-based statistical techniques to determine that a particular network request originated from a particular computer. Additionally, it can be expensive, so it is not usually a concern except for high-value targets. Other signals may also be used to fingerprint users.

Most people move their mouse in a distinct way which can be used to correlate a Tor browsing session with a regular, non-Tor browsing session. As with regular web browsing, it is always possible to have your web browser compromised as a result of a security bug.

Anyone using Tor is automatically enough of a surveillance target that protecting your security is important. All hidden service domain names end in. Although much of the news surrounding Tor and Tor hidden services makes it seem as though using them is like walking down a dark alley at night, there are plenty of perfectly legitimate uses for hidden services as well.

Some extremely privacy-conscious individuals make their blogs or websites exclusively accessible through Tor hidden services so that their real-life identity cannot be determined. The US government has steadily improved its technologies for catching and prosecuting criminals who use Tor for illegal purposes. As mentioned above, Tor is vulnerable to timing attacks and other types of advanced compromises that require government-like resources. For that reason, a government with sufficient resources can deanonymize some Tor requests if they control the right internet service providers which is almost always true of the American government.

If you decide to access the Dark or the Deep web , do it in a safe way. Virtual private network VPN services are frequently marketed as a way to improve privacy or gain anonymity. In reality, VPN services can be hit-and-miss when it comes to privacy. Some are certainly better at protecting data than Tor, whereas others will compromise your privacy more than not using one at all.

VPNs are point-to-point tunnels. In that sense, they are similar to Tor. However, there are few ways this claim can be proven beyond a reasonable doubt. The biggest advantages of VPNs over Tor include much better connection speeds for downloading videos and other large files. Also, with a VPN, you can choose the server your data is routed through, or at least the country in which that server is located. Read more: Tor over VPN. In most of the world, using Tor is perfectly legal. However, there are plenty of illegal activities that can be facilitated with Tor hidden services, so Tor usage may be seen as suspicious by many governments or internet service providers.

That said, you can use any other search engine you choose—but note that DuckDuckGo uses the least tracking of any major search engine. Additionally, there are a number of other ways to track users aside from IP addresses.

Be sure not to reveal your identity in any other way, like signing into an account you use from another connection. Tor Browser includes a variety of tracking prevention features that help prevent unique browser and device characteristics from being used to fingerprint you across the web. No matter what, vigilance is always necessary to protect your anonymity. Not reliably. Using Tor in China is significantly more complicated than in most other parts of the world; it generally requires tunneling traffic to another country and then using Tor over that connection.

If you already have a VPN that works for getting access to websites that are blocked in mainland China, you may be able to use Tor through that VPN, which can improve your privacy significantly. If you want to protect your privacy and anonymity as much as possible while browsing the web, Tor and the Tor Browser may be a good choice. Tor is a widely used and well-studied way to avoid surveillance and censorship from internet service providers and government agencies.

It also offers access to. To use Tor effectively, you must be mindful of a variety of security and privacy concerns, as laid out earlier in this article. Depending on your threat model — which potential threats you want to protect against — you may need to take aggressive measures to keep your browsing anonymous, some of which can make browsing inconvenient. Virtual private network VPN services are marketed similarly to Tor.

However, while they offer significantly higher speeds, their protection against surveillance depends on the specific service provider. In conclusion, Tor is a powerful tool that must be wielded smartly. It can allow you to avoid all kinds of digital oppression—just like journalists and human rights activists do around the world every day.

If used incorrectly, it will only provide a false sense of security.